CORE

NAME

DESCRIPTION

A process can set its soft RLIMIT_CORE resource limit to place an upper limit on the size of the core dump file that will be produced if it receives a "core dump" signal; see getrlimit(2) for details.

There are various circumstances in which a core dump file is not produced:

*

The process does not have permission to write the core file. (By default the core file is called core, and is created in the current working directory. See below for details on naming.) Writing the core file will fail if the directory in which it is to be created is non-writable, or if a file with the same name exists and is not writable or is not a regular file (e.g., it is a directory or a symbolic link).

*

A (writable, regular) file with the same name as would be used for the core dump already exists, but there is more than one hard link to that file.

*

The file system where the core dump file would be created is full; or has run out of inodes; or is mounted read-only; or the user has reached their quota for the file system.

*

The directory in which the core dump file is to be created does not exist.

*

The RLIMIT_CORE (core file size) or RLIMIT_FSIZE (file size) resource limits for the process are set to zero; see getrlimit(2) and the documentation of the shell's ulimit command (limit in csh(1)).

*

The binary being executed by the process does not have read permission enabled.

*

The process is executing a set-user-ID (set-group-ID) program that is owned by a user (group) other than the real user (group) ID of the process. (However, see the description of the prctl(2) PR_SET_DUMPABLE operation, and the description of the /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable file in proc(5).)

Naming of core dump files

%%

a single % character

%p

PID of dumped process

%u

(numeric) real UID of dumped process

%g

(numeric) real GID of dumped process

%s

number of signal causing dump

%t

time of dump, expressed as seconds since the Epoch (00:00h, 1 Jan 1970, UTC)

%h

hostname (same as nodename returned by uname(2))

%e

executable filename (without path prefix)

%c

core file size soft resource limit of crashing process (since Linux 2.6.24)

A single % at the end of the template is dropped from the core filename, as is the combination of a % followed by any character other than those listed above. All other characters in the template become a literal part of the core filename. The template may include aq/aq characters, which are interpreted as delimiters for directory names. The maximum size of the resulting core filename is 128 bytes (64 bytes in kernels before 2.6.19). The default value in this file is "core". For backward compatibility, if /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern does not include "%p" and /proc/sys/kernel/core_uses_pid (see below) is non-zero, then .PID will be appended to the core filename.

Since version 2.4, Linux has also provided a more primitive method of controlling the name of the core dump file. If the /proc/sys/kernel/core_uses_pid file contains the value 0, then a core dump file is simply named core. If this file contains a non-zero value, then the core dump file includes the process ID in a name of the form core.PID.  

Piping core dumps to a program

*

The program must be specified using an absolute pathname (or a pathname relative to the root directory, /), and must immediately follow the '|' character.

*

The process created to run the program runs as user and group root.

*

Command-line arguments can be supplied to the program (since kernel 2.6.24), delimited by white space (up to a total line length of 128 bytes).

*

The command-line arguments can include any of the % specifiers listed above. For example, to pass the PID of the process that is being dumped, specify %p in an argument.

Controlling which mappings are written to the core dump

The value in the file is a bit mask of memory mapping types (see mmap(2)). If a bit is set in the mask, then memory mappings of the corresponding type are dumped; otherwise they are not dumped. The bits in this file have the following meanings:

bit 0

Dump anonymous private mappings.

bit 1

Dump anonymous shared mappings.

bit 2

Dump file-backed private mappings.

bit 3

Dump file-backed shared mappings.

The default value of coredump_filter is 0x3; this reflects traditional Linux behavior and means that only anonymous memory segments are dumped.

Memory-mapped I/O pages such as frame buffer are never dumped, and virtual DSO pages are always dumped, regardless of the coredump_filter value.

A child process created via fork(2) inherits its parents coredump_filter value; the coredump_filter value is preserved across an execve(2).

It can be useful to set coredump_filter in the parent shell before running a program, for example:

$ echo 0x7 > /proc/self/coredump_filter
$ ./some_program

This file is only provided if the kernel was built with the CONFIG_ELF_CORE configuration option.  

NOTES

If a multithreaded process (or, more precisely, a process that shares its memory with another process by being created with the CLONE_VM flag of clone(2)) dumps core, then the process ID is always appended to the core filename, unless the process ID was already included elsewhere in the filename via a %p specification in /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern. (This is primarily useful when employing the LinuxThreads implementation, where each thread of a process has a different PID.)  

EXAMPLE

$ cc -o core_pattern_pipe_test core_pattern_pipe_test.c
$ su
Password:
# echo aq|$PWD/core_pattern_pipe_test %p UID=%u GID=%g sig=%saq > \
    /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
# exit
$ sleep 100
^\                     # type control-backslash
Quit (core dumped)
$ cat core.info
argc=5
argc[0]=</home/mtk/core_pattern_pipe_test>
argc[1]=<20575>
argc[2]=<UID=1000>
argc[3]=<GID=100>
argc[4]=<sig=3>
Total bytes in core dump: 282624

Program source

/* core_pattern_pipe_test.c */

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUF_SIZE 1024

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int tot, j;
    ssize_t nread;
    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
    FILE *fp;
    char cwd[PATH_MAX];

    /* Change our current working directory to that of the
       crashing process */

    snprintf(cwd, PATH_MAX, "/proc/%s/cwd", argv[1]);
    chdir(cwd);

    /* Write output to file "core.info" in that directory */

    fp = fopen("core.info", "w+");
    if (fp == NULL)
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

    /* Display command-line arguments given to core_pattern
       pipe program */

    fprintf(fp, "argc=%d\n", argc);
    for (j = 0; j < argc; j++)
        fprintf(fp, "argc[%d]=<%s>\n", j, argv[j]);

    /* Count bytes in standard input (the core dump) */

    tot = 0;
    while ((nread = read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, BUF_SIZE)) > 0)
        tot += nread;
    fprintf(fp, "Total bytes in core dump: %d\n", tot);

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

SEE ALSO

COLOPHON