FD

Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (4)
Updated: 1995-01-29
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NAME

fd - floppy disk device

CONFIGURATION

Floppy drives are block devices with major number 2. Typically they are owned by root.floppy (i.e., user root, group floppy) and have either mode 0660 (access checking via group membership) or mode 0666 (everybody has access). The minor numbers encode the device type, drive number, and controller number. For each device type (that is, combination of density and track count) there is a base minor number. To this base number, add the drive's number on its controller and 128 if the drive is on the secondary controller. In the following device tables, n represents the drive number.

Warning: If you use formats with more tracks than supported by your drive, you may cause it mechanical damage. Trying once if more tracks than the usual 40/80 are supported should not damage it, but no warranty is given for that. Don't create device entries for those formats to prevent their usage if you are not sure.

Drive independent device files which automatically detect the media format and capacity:

Name Base minor #

fdn 0

5.25 inch double density device files:

Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor #

fdnd360 360K 40 9 2 4

5.25 inch high density device files:

Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor #

fdnh360 360K 40 9 2 20

fdnh410 410K 41 10 2 48

fdnh420 420K 42 10 2 64

fdnh720 720K 80 9 2 24

fdnh880 880K 80 11 2 80

fdnh1200 1200K 80 15 2 8

fdnh1440 1440K 80 18 2 40

fdnh1476 1476K 82 18 2 56

fdnh1494 1494K 83 18 2 72

fdnh1600 1600K 80 20 2 92

3.5 inch double density device files:

Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor #

fdnD360 360K 80 9 1 12

fdnD720 720K 80 9 2 16

fdnD800 800K 80 10 2 120

fdnD1040 1040K 80 13 2 84

fdnD1120 1120K 80 14 2 88

3.5 inch high density device files:

Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor #

fdnH360 360K 40 9 2 12

fdnH720 720K 80 9 2 16

fdnH820 820K 82 10 2 52

fdnH830 830K 83 10 2 68

fdnH1440 1440K 80 18 2 28

fdnH1600 1600K 80 20 2 124

fdnH1680 1680K 80 21 2 44

fdnH1722 1722K 82 21 2 60

fdnH1743 1743K 83 21 2 76

fdnH1760 1760K 80 22 2 96

fdnH1840 1840K 80 23 2 116

fdnH1920 1920K 80 24 2 100

3.5 inch extra density device files:

Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor #

fdnE2880 2880K 80 36 2 32

fdnCompaQ 2880K 80 36 2 36

fdnE3200 3200K 80 40 2 104

fdnE3520 3520K 80 44 2 108

fdnE3840 3840K 80 48 2 112

DESCRIPTION

fd special files access the floppy disk drives in raw mode. The following ioctl(2) calls are supported by fd devices:

FDCLRPRM: clears the media information of a drive (geometry of disk in drive).
FDSETPRM: sets the media information of a drive. The media information will be lost when the media is changed.
FDDEFPRM: sets the media information of a drive (geometry of disk in drive). The media information will not be lost when the media is changed. This will disable autodetection. In order to re-enable autodetection, you have to issue an FDCLRPRM.
FDGETDRVTYP: returns the type of a drive (name parameter). For formats which work in several drive types, FDGETDRVTYP returns a name which is appropriate for the oldest drive type which supports this format.
FDFLUSH: invalidates the buffer cache for the given drive.
FDSETMAXERRS: sets the error thresholds for reporting errors, aborting the operation, recalibrating, resetting, and reading sector by sector.
FDSETMAXERRS: gets the current error thresholds.
FDGETDRVTYP: gets the internal name of the drive.
FDWERRORCLR: clears the write error statistics.
FDWERRORGET: reads the write error statistics. These include the total number of write errors, the location and disk of the first write error, and the location and disk of the last write error. Disks are identified by a generation number which is incremented at (almost) each disk change.
FDTWADDLE: Switch the drive motor off for a few microseconds. This might be needed in order to access a disk whose sectors are too close together.
FDSETDRVPRM: sets various drive parameters.
FDGETDRVPRM: reads these parameters back.
FDGETDRVSTAT: gets the cached drive state (disk changed, write protected et al.)
FDPOLLDRVSTAT: polls the drive and return its state.
FDGETFDCSTAT: gets the floppy controller state.
FDRESET: resets the floppy controller under certain conditions.
FDRAWCMD: sends a raw command to the floppy controller.

For more precise information, consult also the <linux/fd.h> and <linux/fdreg.h> include files, as well as the manual page for floppycontrol.

FILES

/dev/fd*

NOTES

The various formats allow to read and write many types of disks. However, if a floppy is formatted with a too small inter sector gap, performance may drop, up to needing a few seconds to access an entire track. To prevent this, use interleaved formats. It is not possible to read floppies which are formatted using GCR (group code recording), which is used by Apple II and Macintosh computers (800k disks). Reading floppies which are hard sectored (one hole per sector, with the index hole being a little skewed) is not supported. This used to be common with older 8 inch floppies.

COLOPHON

This page is part of release 3.22 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Name	Capac.	Cyl.	Sect.	Heads	Base minor #

fdnh360	360K	40	9	2	20
fdnh410	410K	41	10	2	48
fdnh420	420K	42	10	2	64
fdnh720	720K	80	9	2	24
fdnh880	880K	80	11	2	80
fdnh1200	1200K	80	15	2	8
fdnh1440	1440K	80	18	2	40
fdnh1476	1476K	82	18	2	56
fdnh1494	1494K	83	18	2	72
fdnh1600	1600K	80	20	2	92