#include <stdio.h>
FILE *popen(const char *command, const char *mode);
The popen() function shall execute the command specified by the string command. It shall create a pipe between the calling program and the executed command, and shall return a pointer to a stream that can be used to either read from or write to the pipe.
The environment of the executed command shall be as if a child process were created within the popen() call using the fork() function, and the child invoked the sh utility using the call:
execl(shell path, "sh", "-c", command, (char *)0);
where shell path is an unspecified pathname for the sh utility.
The popen() function shall ensure that any streams from previous popen() calls that remain open in the parent process are closed in the new child process.
The mode argument to popen() is a string that specifies I/O mode:
After popen(), both the parent and the child process shall be capable of executing independently before either terminates.
Pipe streams are byte-oriented.
Upon successful completion, popen() shall return a pointer to an open stream that can be used to read or write to the pipe. Otherwise, it shall return a null pointer and may set errno to indicate the error.
The popen() function may fail if:
The popen() function may also set errno values as described by fork() or pipe().
The following sections are informative.
Since open files are shared, a mode r command can be used as an input filter and a mode w command as an output filter.
Buffered reading before opening an input filter may leave the standard input of that filter mispositioned. Similar problems with an output filter may be prevented by careful buffer flushing; for example, with fflush().
A stream opened by popen() should be closed by pclose().
The behavior of popen() is specified for values of mode of r and w. Other modes such as rb and wb might be supported by specific implementations, but these would not be portable features. Note that historical implementations of popen() only check to see if the first character of mode is r. Thus, a mode of robert the robot would be treated as mode r, and a mode of anything else would be treated as mode w.
If the application calls waitpid() or waitid() with a pid argument greater than 0, and it still has a stream that was called with popen() open, it must ensure that pid does not refer to the process started by popen().
To determine whether or not the environment specified in the Shell and Utilities volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 is present, use the function call:
sysconf(_SC_2_VERSION)
The popen() function should not be used by programs that have set user (or group) ID privileges. The fork() and exec family of functions (except execlp() and execvp()), should be used instead. This prevents any unforeseen manipulation of the environment of the user that could cause execution of commands not anticipated by the calling program.
If the original and popen()ed processes both intend to read or write or read and write a common file, and either will be using FILE-type C functions ( fread(), fwrite(), and so on), the rules for sharing file handles must be observed (see Interaction of File Descriptors and Standard I/O Streams ).
pclose(), pipe(), sysconf(), system(), the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <stdio.h>, the Shell and Utilities volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, sh