int addch(const chtype ch);
int waddch(WINDOW *win, const chtype ch);
int mvaddch(int y, int x, const chtype ch);
int mvwaddch(WINDOW *win, int y, int x, const chtype ch);
int echochar(const chtype ch);
int wechochar(WINDOW *win, const chtype ch);
If ch is a tab, newline, or backspace, the cursor is moved appropriately within the window. Backspace moves the cursor one character left; at the left edge of a window it does nothing. Newline does a clrtoeol, then moves the cursor to the window left margin on the next line, scrolling the window if on the last line. Tabs are considered to be at every eighth column. The tab interval may be altered by setting the TABSIZE variable.
If ch is any control character other than tab, newline, or backspace, it is drawn in ^X notation. Calling winch after adding a control character does not return the character itself, but instead returns the ^-representation of the control character.
Video attributes can be combined with a character argument passed to addch or related functions by logical-ORing them into the character. (Thus, text, including attributes, can be copied from one place to another using inch and addch.) See the curs_attr(3X) page for values of predefined video attribute constants that can be usefully OR'ed into characters.
The echochar and wechochar routines are equivalent to a call to addch followed by a call to refresh, or a call to waddch followed by a call to wrefresh. The knowledge that only a single character is being output is used and, for non-control characters, a considerable performance gain may be seen by using these routines instead of their equivalents.
| Name | Default | Description |
| ACS_BOARD | # | board of squares |
| ACS_BTEE | + | bottom tee |
| ACS_BULLET | o | bullet |
| ACS_CKBOARD | : | checker board (stipple) |
| ACS_DARROW | v | arrow pointing down |
| ACS_DEGREE | ' | degree symbol |
| ACS_DIAMOND | + | diamond |
| ACS_GEQUAL | > | greater-than-or-equal-to |
| ACS_HLINE | - | horizontal line |
| ACS_LANTERN | # | lantern symbol |
| ACS_LARROW | < | arrow pointing left |
| ACS_LEQUAL | < | less-than-or-equal-to |
| ACS_LLCORNER | + | lower left-hand corner |
| ACS_LRCORNER | + | lower right-hand corner |
| ACS_LTEE | + | left tee |
| ACS_NEQUAL | ! | not-equal |
| ACS_PI | * | greek pi |
| ACS_PLMINUS | # | plus/minus |
| ACS_PLUS | + | plus |
| ACS_RARROW | > | arrow pointing right |
| ACS_RTEE | + | right tee |
| ACS_S1 | - | scan line 1 |
| ACS_S3 | - | scan line 3 |
| ACS_S7 | - | scan line 7 |
| ACS_S9 | _ | scan line 9 |
| ACS_STERLING | f | pound-sterling symbol |
| ACS_TTEE | + | top tee |
| ACS_UARROW | ^ | arrow pointing up |
| ACS_ULCORNER | + | upper left-hand corner |
| ACS_URCORNER | + | upper right-hand corner |
| ACS_VLINE | | | vertical line |
Some ACS symbols (ACS_S3, ACS_S7, ACS_LEQUAL, ACS_GEQUAL, ACS_PI, ACS_NEQUAL, ACS_STERLING) were not documented in any publicly released System V. However, many publicly available terminfos include acsc strings in which their key characters (pryz{|}) are embedded, and a second-hand list of their character descriptions has come to light. The ACS-prefixed names for them were invented for ncurses(3X).
The TABSIZE variable is implemented in some versions of curses, but is not part of X/Open curses.
If ch is a carriage return, the cursor is moved to the beginning of the current row of the window. This is true of other implementations, but is not documented.
Comparable functions in the wide-character (ncursesw) library are described in curs_add_wch(3X).