Error

NAME

SYNOPSIS

    use Error qw(:try);

    throw Error::Simple( "A simple error");

    sub xyz {
        ...
        record Error::Simple("A simple error")
            and return;
    }
 
    unlink($file) or throw Error::Simple("$file: $!",$!);

    try {
        do_some_stuff();
        die "error!" if $condition;
        throw Error::Simple "Oops!" if $other_condition;
    }
    catch Error::IO with {
        my $E = shift;
        print STDERR "File ", $E->{'-file'}, " had a problem\n";
    }
    except {
        my $E = shift;
        my $general_handler=sub {send_message $E->{-description}};
        return {
            UserException1 => $general_handler,
            UserException2 => $general_handler
        };
    }
    otherwise {
        print STDERR "Well I don't know what to say\n";
    }
    finally {
        close_the_garage_door_already(); # Should be reliable
    }; # Don't forget the trailing ; or you might be surprised

DESCRIPTION

Errors in the class "Error" should not be thrown directly, but the user should throw errors from a sub-class of "Error".  

PROCEDURAL INTERFACE

try BLOCK CLAUSES

"try" is the main subroutine called by the user. All other subroutines exported are clauses to the try subroutine.

The BLOCK will be evaluated and, if no error is throw, try will return the result of the block.

"CLAUSES" are the subroutines below, which describe what to do in the event of an error being thrown within BLOCK.

catch CLASS with BLOCK

This clauses will cause all errors that satisfy "$err->isa(CLASS)" to be caught and handled by evaluating "BLOCK".

"BLOCK" will be passed two arguments. The first will be the error being thrown. The second is a reference to a scalar variable. If this variable is set by the catch block then, on return from the catch block, try will continue processing as if the catch block was never found. The error will also be available in $@.

To propagate the error the catch block may call "$err->throw"

If the scalar reference by the second argument is not set, and the error is not thrown. Then the current try block will return with the result from the catch block.

except BLOCK

When "try" is looking for a handler, if an except clause is found "BLOCK" is evaluated. The return value from this block should be a HASHREF or a list of key-value pairs, where the keys are class names and the values are CODE references for the handler of errors of that type.

otherwise BLOCK

Catch any error by executing the code in "BLOCK"

When evaluated "BLOCK" will be passed one argument, which will be the error being processed. The error will also be available in $@.

Only one otherwise block may be specified per try block

finally BLOCK

Execute the code in "BLOCK" either after the code in the try block has successfully completed, or if the try block throws an error then "BLOCK" will be executed after the handler has completed.

If the handler throws an error then the error will be caught, the finally block will be executed and the error will be re-thrown.

Only one finally block may be specified per try block

CLASS INTERFACE

CONSTRUCTORS

        -file
        -line
        -text
        -value
        -object

If "-file" or "-line" are not specified in the constructor arguments then these will be initialized with the file name and line number where the constructor was called from.

If the error is associated with an object then the object should be passed as the "-object" argument. This will allow the "Error" package to associate the error with the object.

The "Error" package remembers the last error created, and also the last error associated with a package. This could either be the last error created by a sub in that package, or the last error which passed an object blessed into that package as the "-object" argument.

Error->new()

See the Error::Simple documentation.

throw ( [ ARGS ] )

Create a new "Error" object and throw an error, which will be caught by a surrounding "try" block, if there is one. Otherwise it will cause the program to exit.

"throw" may also be called on an existing error to re-throw it.

with ( [ ARGS ] )

Create a new "Error" object and returns it. This is defined for syntactic sugar, eg

    die with Some::Error ( ... );

record ( [ ARGS ] )

Create a new "Error" object and returns it. This is defined for syntactic sugar, eg

    record Some::Error ( ... )
        and return;

STATIC METHODS

prior ( [ PACKAGE ] )

Return the last error created, or the last error associated with "PACKAGE"

flush ( [ PACKAGE ] )

Flush the last error created, or the last error associated with "PACKAGE".It is necessary to clear the error stack before exiting the package or uncaught errors generated using "record" will be reported.

     $Error->flush;

OBJECT METHODS

stacktrace

If the variable $Error::Debug was non-zero when the error was created, then "stacktrace" returns a string created by calling "Carp::longmess". If the variable was zero the "stacktrace" returns the text of the error appended with the filename and line number of where the error was created, providing the text does not end with a newline.

object

The object this error was associated with

file

The file where the constructor of this error was called from

line

The line where the constructor of this error was called from

text

The text of the error

$err->associate($obj)

Associates an error with an object to allow error propagation. I.e:

    $ber->encode(...) or
        return Error->prior($ber)->associate($ldap);

OVERLOAD METHODS

stringify

A method that converts the object into a string. This method may simply return the same as the "text" method, or it may append more information. For example the file name and line number.

By default this method returns the "-text" argument that was passed to the constructor, or the string "Died" if none was given.

value

A method that will return a value that can be associated with the error. For example if an error was created due to the failure of a system call, then this may return the numeric value of $! at the time.

By default this method returns the "-value" argument that was passed to the constructor.

PRE-DEFINED ERROR CLASSES

Error::Simple

If the text value ends with "at file line 1" as $@ strings do, then this infomation will be used to set the "-file" and "-line" arguments of the error object.

This class is used internally if an eval'd block die's with an error that is a plain string. (Unless $Error::ObjectifyCallback is modified)  

$Error::ObjectifyCallback

It accepts a single argument which is a hash reference to named parameters. Currently the only named parameter passed is 'text' which is the text of the error, but others may be available in the future.

For example the following code will cause Error.pm to throw objects of the class MyError::Bar by default:

    sub throw_MyError_Bar
    {
        my $args = shift;
        my $err = MyError::Bar->new();
        $err->{'MyBarText'} = $args->{'text'};
        return $err;
    }

    {
        local $Error::ObjectifyCallback = \&throw_MyError_Bar;

        # Error handling here.
    }

MESSAGE HANDLERS

 use Error qw( :warndie );

These new error handlers are installed in $SIG{__WARN__} and $SIG{__DIE__}. If these handlers are already defined when the tag is imported, the old values are stored, and used during the new code. Thus, to arrange for custom handling of warnings and errors, you will need to perform something like the following:

 BEGIN {
   $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
     print STDERR "My special warning handler: $_[0]"
   };
 }

 use Error qw( :warndie );

Note that setting $SIG{__WARN__} after the ":warndie" tag has been imported will overwrite the handler that "Error" provides. If this cannot be avoided, then the tag can be explicitly "import"ed later

 use Error;

 $SIG{__WARN__} = ...;

 import Error qw( :warndie );

EXAMPLE

 Can't call method "foo" on an undefined value at examples/warndie.pl line 16.

into

 Unhandled perl error caught at toplevel:

   Can't call method "foo" on an undefined value

 Thrown from: examples/warndie.pl:16

 Full stack trace:

         main::inner('undef') called at examples/warndie.pl line 20
         main::outer('undef') called at examples/warndie.pl line 23

SEE ALSO

Error::Exception aims to combine Error and Exception::Class ``with correct stringification''.  

KNOWN BUGS

AUTHORS

The code that inspired me to write this was originally written by Peter Seibel <peter@weblogic.com> and adapted by Jesse Glick <jglick@sig.bsh.com>.

":warndie" handlers added by Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>  

MAINTAINER

PAST MAINTAINERS

COPYRIGHT