NOTE: There are pre-built Perl packages available for Cygwin and a version of Perl is provided in the normal Cygwin install. If you do not need to customize the configuration, consider using one of those packages.
F<http://www.cygwin.com/>
A recent net or commercial release of Cygwin is required.
At the time this document was last updated, Cygwin 1.5.24 was current.
NOTE: The binaries that are built will run on all Win32 versions. They do not depend on your host system (Win9x/WinME, WinNT/Win2K) or your Cygwin configuration (ntea, ntsec, binary/text mounts). The only dependencies come from hard-coded pathnames like "/usr/local". However, your host system and Cygwin configuration will affect Perl's runtime behavior (see ``TEST'').
Set the "PATH" environment variable so that Configure finds the Cygwin versions of programs. Any Windows directories should be removed or moved to the end of your "PATH".
If you do not have nroff (which is part of the groff package), Configure will not prompt you to install man pages.
On WinNT with either the ntea or ntsec "CYGWIN" settings, directory and file permissions may not be set correctly. Since the build process creates directories and files, to be safe you may want to run a "chmod -R +w *" on the entire Perl source tree.
Also, it is a well known WinNT ``feature'' that files created by a login that is a member of the Administrators group will be owned by the Administrators group. Depending on your umask, you may find that you can not write to files that you just created (because you are no longer the owner). When using the ntsec "CYGWIN" setting, this is not an issue because it ``corrects'' the ownership to what you would expect on a UNIX system.
This will run Configure and keep a record:
./Configure 2>&1 | tee log.configure
If you are willing to accept all the defaults run Configure with -de. However, several useful customizations are available.
Any additional ld flags (NOT including libraries)? [none] -s Any special flags to pass to g++ to create a dynamically loaded library? [none] -s Any special flags to pass to gcc to use dynamic linking? [none] -s
or you can edit hints/cygwin.sh and uncomment the relevant variables near the end of the file.
The crypt package distributed with Cygwin is a Linux compatible 56-bit DES crypt port by Corinna Vinschen.
Alternatively, the crypt libraries in GNU libc have been ported to Cygwin.
The DES based Ultra Fast Crypt port was done by Alexey Truhan:
ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/pc/gnuwin32/cygwin/porters/Okhapkin_Sergey/cw32crypt-dist-0.tgz
NOTE: There are various export restrictions on DES implementations, see the glibc README for more details.
The MD5 port was done by Andy Piper:
ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/pc/gnuwin32/cygwin/porters/Okhapkin_Sergey/libcrypt.tgz
GDBM is available for Cygwin.
NOTE: The GDBM library only works on NTFS partitions.
BerkeleyDB is available for Cygwin.
NOTE: The BerkeleyDB library only completely works on NTFS partitions and db-4.3 is flawed.
A port of SysV IPC is available for Cygwin.
NOTE: This has not been extensively tested. In particular, "d_semctl_semun" is undefined because it fails a Configure test and on Win9x the shm*() functions seem to hang. It also creates a compile time dependency because perl.h includes <sys/ipc.h> and <sys/sem.h> (which will be required in the future when compiling CPAN modules). CURRENTLY NOT SUPPORTED!
Included with the standard Cygwin netrelease is the inetutils package which includes libutil.a.
Undefining this symbol forces Perl to be compiled statically.
By default Perl uses the "malloc()" included with the Perl source. If you want to force Perl to build with the system "malloc()" undefine this symbol.
Undefining this symbol disables the PerlIO abstraction. PerlIO is now the default; it is not recommended to disable PerlIO.
Multiplicity is required when embedding Perl in a C program and using more than one interpreter instance. This works with the Cygwin port.
By default Perl uses 32 bit integers. If you want to use larger 64 bit integers, define this symbol.
gcc supports long doubles (12 bytes). However, several additional long double math functions are necessary to use them within Perl ({atan2, cos, exp, floor, fmod, frexp, isnan, log, modf, pow, sin, sqrt}l, strtold). These are not yet available with Cygwin.
POSIX threads are implemented in Cygwin, define this symbol if you want a threaded perl.
Cygwin uses 64-bit integers for internal size and position calculations, this will be correctly detected and defined by Configure.
Use this to build perl outside of the source tree. This works with Cygwin. Details can be found in the INSTALL document. This is the recommended way to build perl from sources.
Win9x does not correctly report "EOF" with a non-blocking read on a closed pipe. You will see the following messages:
But it also returns -1 to signal EOF, so be careful!
WARNING: you can't distinguish between EOF and no data!
*** WHOA THERE!!! ***
The recommended value for $d_eofnblk on this machine was "define"!
Keep the recommended value? [y]
At least for consistency with WinNT, you should keep the recommended value.
The following error occurs because of the Cygwin "#define" of "_LONG_DOUBLE":
Guessing which symbols your C compiler and preprocessor define... try.c:<line#>: missing binary operator
This failure does not seem to cause any problems. With older gcc versions, ``parse error'' is reported instead of ``missing binary operator''.
make 2>&1 | tee log.make
make test 2>&1 | tee log.make-test cd t; ./perl harness 2>&1 | tee ../log.harness
The same tests are run both times, but more information is provided when running as "./perl harness".
Test results vary depending on your host system and your Cygwin configuration. If a test can pass in some Cygwin setup, it is always attempted and explainable test failures are documented. It is possible for Perl to pass all the tests, but it is more likely that some tests will fail for one of the reasons listed below.
Failed Test List of failed ------------------------------------ io/fs.t 5, 7, 9-10 lib/anydbm.t 2 lib/db-btree.t 20 lib/db-hash.t 16 lib/db-recno.t 18 lib/gdbm.t 2 lib/ndbm.t 2 lib/odbm.t 2 lib/sdbm.t 2 op/stat.t 9, 20 (.tmp not an executable extension)
../ext/NDBM_File/ndbm.t 13 3328 71 59 83.10% 1-2 4 16-71 ../ext/ODBM_File/odbm.t 255 65280 ?? ?? % ?? ../lib/AnyDBM_File.t 2 512 12 2 16.67% 1 4 ../lib/Memoize/t/errors.t 0 139 11 5 45.45% 7-11 ../lib/Memoize/t/tie_ndbm.t 13 3328 4 4 100.00% 1-4 run/fresh_perl.t 97 1 1.03% 91
If you intend to run only on FAT (or if using AnyDBM_File on FAT), run Configure with the -Ui_ndbm and -Ui_dbm options to prevent NDBM_File and ODBM_File being built.
With NTFS (and no CYGWIN=nontsec), there should be no problems even if perl was built on FAT.
ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_multihomed.t ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_sock.t ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_unix.t
See comment on fork in Miscellaneous below.
Cygwin pathnames can be separated by forward (/) or backward (\\) slashes. They may also begin with drive letters (C:) or Universal Naming Codes (//UNC). DOS device names (aux, con, prn, com*, lpt?, nul) are invalid as base filenames. However, they can be used in extensions (e.g., hello.aux). Names may contain all printable characters except these:
: * ? " < > |
File names are case insensitive, but case preserving. A pathname that contains a backslash or drive letter is a Win32 pathname (and not subject to the translations applied to POSIX style pathnames).
For conversion we have "Cygwin::win_to_posix_path()" and "Cygwin::posix_to_win_path()".
Pathnames may not contain Unicode characters. "Cygwin" still uses the ANSI API calls and no Unicode calls because of newlib deficiencies. There's an unofficial unicode patch for cygwin at http://www.okisoft.co.jp/esc/utf8-cygwin/
When a file is opened it is in either text or binary mode. In text mode a file is subject to CR/LF/Ctrl-Z translations. With Cygwin, the default mode for an "open()" is determined by the mode of the mount that underlies the file. See "Cygwin::is_binmount()". Perl provides a "binmode()" function to set binary mode on files that otherwise would be treated as text. "sysopen()" with the "O_TEXT" flag sets text mode on files that otherwise would be treated as binary:
sysopen(FOO, "bar", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TEXT)
"lseek()", "tell()" and "sysseek()" only work with files opened in binary mode.
The text/binary issue is covered at length in the Cygwin documentation.
PerlIO overrides the default Cygwin Text/Binary behaviour. A file will always be treated as binary, regardless of the mode of the mount it lives on, just like it is in UNIX. So CR/LF translation needs to be requested in either the "open()" call like this:
open(FH, ">:crlf", "out.txt");
which will do conversion from LF to CR/LF on the output, or in the environment settings (add this to your .bashrc):
export PERLIO=crlf
which will pull in the crlf PerlIO layer which does LF -> CRLF conversion on every output generated by perl.
The Cygwin "stat()", "lstat()" and "readlink()" functions make the .exe extension transparent by looking for foo.exe when you ask for foo (unless a foo also exists). Cygwin does not require a .exe extension, but gcc adds it automatically when building a program. However, when accessing an executable as a normal file (e.g., cp in a makefile) the .exe is not transparent. The install included with Cygwin automatically appends a .exe when necessary.
Cygwin processes have their own pid, which is different from the underlying windows pid. Most posix compliant Proc functions expect the cygwin pid, but several Win32::Process functions expect the winpid. E.g. $$ is the cygwin pid of /usr/bin/perl, which is not the winpid. Use "Cygwin::winpid_to_pid()" and "Cygwin::winpid_to_pid()" to translate between them.
Under Cygwin, $^E is the same as $!. When using Win32 API Functions, use "Win32::GetLastError()" to get the last Windows error.
On WinNT "chown()" can change a file's user and group IDs. On Win9x "chown()" is a no-op, although this is appropriate since there is no security model.
File locking using the "F_GETLK" command to "fcntl()" is a stub that returns "ENOSYS".
Win9x can not "rename()" an open file (although WinNT can).
The Cygwin "chroot()" implementation has holes (it can not restrict file access by native Win32 programs).
Inplace editing "perl -i" of files doesn't work without doing a backup of the file being edited "perl -i.bak" because of windowish restrictions, therefore Perl adds the suffix ".bak" automatically if you use "perl -i" without specifying a backup extension.
Using "fork()" after loading multiple dlls may fail with an internal cygwin error like the following:
C:\CYGWIN\BIN\PERL.EXE: *** couldn't allocate memory 0x10000(4128768) for 'C:\CYGWIN\LIB\PERL5\5.6.1\CYGWIN-MULTI\AUTO\SOCKET\SOCKET.DLL' alignment, Win32 error 8
200 [main] perl 377147 sync_with_child: child -395691(0xB8) died before initialization with status code 0x1
1370 [main] perl 377147 sync_with_child: *** child state child loading dlls
Use the rebase utility to resolve the conflicting dll addresses. The rebase package is included in the Cygwin netrelease. Use setup.exe from http://www.cygwin.com/setup.exe to install it and run rebaseall.
perl -e 'for $i (Cygwin::mount_table) {print join(" ",@$i),"\n";}'
/bin c:\cygwin\bin system binmode,cygexec
/usr/bin c:\cygwin\bin system binmode
/usr/lib c:\cygwin\lib system binmode
/ c:\cygwin system binmode
/cygdrive/c c: system binmode,noumount
/cygdrive/d d: system binmode,noumount
/cygdrive/e e: system binmode,noumount
system|user,binmode|textmode,exec,cygexec,cygdrive,mixed, notexec,managed,nosuid,devfs,proc,noumount
If the argument is ``/cygdrive'', then just the volume mount settings, and the cygdrive mount prefix are returned.
User mounts override system mounts.
$ perl -e 'print Cygwin::mount_flags "/usr/bin"' system,binmode,cygexec $ perl -e 'print Cygwin::mount_flags "/cygdrive"' binmode,cygdrive,/cygdrive
make install 2>&1 | tee log.make-install
NOTE: If "STDERR" is redirected "make install" will not prompt you to install perl into /usr/bin.
You may need to be Administrator to run "make install". If you are not, you must have write access to the directories in question.
Information on installing the Perl documentation in HTML format can be found in the INSTALL document.
INSTALL README.cygwin README.win32 MANIFEST Changes Changes5.004 Changes5.005 Changes5.6 Changes5.8 pod/perl.pod pod/perlport.pod pod/perlfaq3.pod pod/perldelta.pod pod/perl5004delta.pod pod/perl56delta.pod pod/perl561delta.pod pod/perl570delta.pod pod/perl572delta.pod pod/perl573delta.pod pod/perl58delta.pod pod/perl581delta.pod pod/perl590delta.pod pod/perlhist.pod pod/perlmodlib.pod pod/perltoc.pod pod.lst Porting/Glossary Porting/repository.pod Porting/checkAUTHORS.pl ext/Compress/Raw/Zlib/Changes ext/Compress/Raw/Zlib/README ext/Compress/Zlib/Changes ext/Cwd/Changes ext/DB_File/Changes ext/Encode/Changes ext/Sys/Syslog/Changes ext/Time/HiRes/Changes ext/Win32API/File/Changes lib/CGI/Changes lib/ExtUtils/CBuilder/Changes lib/ExtUtils/Changes lib/ExtUtils/NOTES lib/ExtUtils/PATCHING lib/ExtUtils/README lib/Module/Build/Changes lib/Net/Ping/Changes lib/Test/Harness/Changes lib/Term/ANSIColor/ChangeLog lib/Term/ANSIColor/README README.symbian symbian/TODO
cygwin/Makefile.SHs
ext/IPC/SysV/hints/cygwin.pl
ext/NDBM_File/hints/cygwin.pl
ext/ODBM_File/hints/cygwin.pl
hints/cygwin.sh
Configure - help finding hints from uname,
shared libperl required for dynamic loading
Makefile.SH Cross/Makefile-cross-SH
- linklibperl
Porting/patchls - cygwin in port list
installman - man pages with :: translated to .
installperl - install dll, install to 'pods'
makedepend.SH - uwinfix
regen_lib.pl - file permissions
NetWare/Makefile
plan9/mkfile
symbian/sanity.pl symbian/sisify.pl
hints/uwin.sh
vms/descrip_mms.template
win32/Makefile win32/makefile.mk
t/io/fs.t - no file mode checks if not ntsec
skip rename() check when not check_case:relaxed
t/io/tell.t - binmode
t/lib/cygwin.t - builtin cygwin function tests
t/op/groups.t - basegroup has ID = 0
t/op/magic.t - $^X/symlink WORKAROUND, s/.exe//
t/op/stat.t - no /dev, skip Win32 ftCreationTime quirk
(cache manager sometimes preserves ctime of file
previously created and deleted), no -u (setuid)
t/op/taint.t - can't use empty path under Cygwin Perl
t/op/time.t - no tzset()
EXTERN.h - __declspec(dllimport) XSUB.h - __declspec(dllexport) cygwin/cygwin.c - os_extras (getcwd, spawn, and several Cygwin:: functions) perl.c - os_extras, -i.bak perl.h - binmode doio.c - win9x can not rename a file when it is open pp_sys.c - do not define h_errno, init _pwent_struct.pw_comment util.c - use setenv util.h - PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE macro pp.c - Comment about Posix vs IEEE math under Cygwin perlio.c - CR/LF mode perliol.c - Comment about EXTCONST under Cygwin
ext/Compress/Raw/Zlib/Makefile.PL
- Can't install via CPAN shell under Cygwin
ext/Compress/Raw/Zlib/zlib-src/zutil.h
- Cygwin is Unix-like and has vsnprintf
ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL - Special handling for Win32 Perl under Cygwin
ext/POSIX/POSIX.xs - tzname defined externally
ext/SDBM_File/sdbm/pair.c
- EXTCONST needs to be redefined from EXTERN.h
ext/SDBM_File/sdbm/sdbm.c
- binary open
ext/Sys/Syslog/Syslog.xs
- Cygwin has syslog.h
ext/Sys/Syslog/win32/compile.pl
- Convert paths to Windows paths
ext/Time/HiRes/HiRes.xs
- Various timers not available
ext/Time/HiRes/Makefile.PL
- Find w32api/windows.h
ext/Win32/Makefile.PL - Use various libraries under Cygwin
ext/Win32/Win32.xs - Child dir and child env under Cygwin
ext/Win32API/File/File.xs
- _open_osfhandle not implemented under Cygwin
ext/Win32CORE/Win32CORE.c
- __declspec(dllexport)
ext/B/t/OptreeCheck.pm - Comment about stderr/stdout order under Cygwin
ext/Digest/SHA/bin/shasum
- Use binary mode under Cygwin
ext/Sys/Syslog/win32/Win32.pm
- Convert paths to Windows paths
ext/Time/HiRes/HiRes.pm
- Comment about various timers not available
ext/Win32API/File/File.pm
- _open_osfhandle not implemented under Cygwin
ext/Win32CORE/Win32CORE.pm
- History of Win32CORE under Cygwin
lib/CGI.pm - binmode and path separator
lib/CPANPLUS/Dist/MM.pm - Commented out code that fails under Win32/Cygwin
lib/CPANPLUS/Internals/Constants/Report.pm
- OS classifications
lib/CPANPLUS/Internals/Constants.pm
- Contants for Cygwin
lib/CPANPLUS/Internals/Report.pm
- Example of Cygwin report
lib/CPANPLUS/Module.pm
- Abort if running on old Cygwin version
lib/Cwd.pm - hook to internal Cwd::cwd
lib/ExtUtils/CBuilder/Platform/cygwin.pm
- use gcc for ld, and link to libperl.dll.a
lib/ExtUtils/CBuilder.pm
- Cygwin is Unix-like
lib/ExtUtils/Install.pm - Install and rename issues under Cygwin
lib/ExtUtils/MM.pm - OS classifications
lib/ExtUtils/MM_Any.pm - Example for Cygwin
lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm
- require MM_Cygwin.pm
lib/ExtUtils/MM_Cygwin.pm
- canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
lib/File/Fetch.pm - Comment about quotes using a Cygwin example
lib/File/Find.pm - on remote drives stat() always sets st_nlink to 1
lib/File/Spec/Cygwin.pm - case_tolerant
lib/File/Spec/Unix.pm - preserve //unc
lib/File/Spec/Win32.pm - References a message on cygwin.com
lib/File/Spec.pm - Pulls in lib/File/Spec/Cygwin.pm
lib/File/Temp.pm - no directory sticky bit
lib/Module/Build/Compat.pm - Comment references 'make' under Cygwin
lib/Module/Build/Platform/cygwin.pm
- Use '.' for man page separator
lib/Module/Build.pm - Cygwin is Unix-like
lib/Module/CoreList.pm - List of all module files and versions
lib/Net/Domain.pm - No domainname command under Cygwin
lib/Net/Netrc.pm - Bypass using stat() under Cygwin
lib/Net/Ping.pm - ECONREFUSED is EAGAIN under Cygwin
lib/Pod/Find.pm - Set 'pods' dir
lib/Pod/Perldoc/ToMan.pm - '-c' switch for pod2man
lib/Pod/Perldoc.pm - Use 'less' pager, and use .exe extension
lib/Term/ANSIColor.pm - Cygwin terminal info
lib/perl5db.pl - use stdin not /dev/tty
utils/perlbug.PL - Add CYGWIN environment variable to report
ext/Compress/Zlib/t/14gzopen.t ext/Cwd/t/cwd.t ext/DB_File/t/db-btree.t ext/DB_File/t/db-hash.t ext/DB_File/t/db-recno.t ext/DynaLoader/t/DynaLoader.t ext/File/Glob/t/basic.t ext/GDBM_File/t/gdbm.t ext/POSIX/t/sysconf.t ext/POSIX/t/time.t ext/SDBM_File/t/sdbm.t ext/Sys/Syslog/t/syslog.t ext/Time/HiRes/t/HiRes.t ext/Win32/t/Unicode.t ext/Win32API/File/t/file.t ext/Win32CORE/t/win32core.t lib/AnyDBM_File.t lib/Archive/Extract/t/01_Archive-Extract.t lib/Archive/Tar/t/02_methods.t lib/CPANPLUS/t/05_CPANPLUS-Internals-Fetch.t lib/CPANPLUS/t/20_CPANPLUS-Dist-MM.t lib/ExtUtils/t/Embed.t lib/ExtUtils/t/eu_command.t lib/ExtUtils/t/MM_Cygwin.t lib/ExtUtils/t/MM_Unix.t lib/File/Compare.t lib/File/Copy.t lib/File/Find/t/find.t lib/File/Path.t lib/File/Spec/t/crossplatform.t lib/File/Spec/t/Spec.t lib/Module/Build/t/destinations.t lib/Net/hostent.t lib/Net/Ping/t/110_icmp_inst.t lib/Net/Ping/t/500_ping_icmp.t lib/Net/t/netrc.t lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlcyg.pod lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlcygo.txt lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlfaq.pod lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlfaqo.txt lib/User/grent.t lib/User/pwent.t